According to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and...

According to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very similar. They had cities, a relatively high standard of living, music, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley , and desert around it.The Nile river have effect to Egyptians culture, it gave a rich natural fertilizing elements that helped Egyptian to grow plants. Also, Egyptian civilization formed by 3000 B.C. E., and they benefited from trade and†¦show more content†¦Egyptians had worshipped their God, but they did not fear the God because the God did not give them disasters . Their king god called Amun, and they also have the sun god Re, sky God Horus. Otherwise, The Mesopotamians were very sca red of their gods, because their gods gave the Mesopotamians punishments when they do the wrong things like making their country flood. Mesopotamians believed that the god is the role leader , and god can protect people. They have the most three important gods,the God of Air Enlil, Amu is the father of God whom represented the authority , and God of water EA . Beside that, they still have sun God Utu, the Goddess of love and war called Inanna, and Marduk is the god of babylon. In Mesopotamia, the kings represented the gods, while the Egyptian kings were gods, and two leaders were believed to be related to the gods, because of the great power they held and the wealth under their control. Both ancient Mesopotamias and ancient Egypts religions had the enhance to their culture. The religion played an important role in their society, and spiritual life. More importantly, the artworks and architecture of Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt are both very popular and have the di fferent and similar at the same time. Both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt have their impressive pyramid structures, but in Mesopotamia they are calledShow MoreRelatedAncient Eastern Thought and the Old Testament Essay10692 Words   |  43 PagesAFTER DEATH 49 POSTSCRIPT 53 CHAPTER 1: HISTORY AND METHODS History Thousands of texts were unearthed, translated and analyzed starting in the eighteenth century. Assyriologist Freidrich Delitzsch claimed that the Bible was plagiarized from Mesopotamian literature. This was an important statement as it would indicate that the Old Testament was not divine and that Christianity was rooted in mythology. As biblical scholars came to the defense of the Bible, a sharp division was created betweenRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesdisorderly book. A glance at the table of contents is enough to show that the sequence of chapters is erratic and closer inspection reveals that the scope of individual chapters is far wider than appears at first sight. Philosophic doctrines (which, according to the author, are the basis of the talismanic art), theory of magic, astronomical, astrological and physical lore, extensive directions for the practice of the art, and accounts of the peoples by whom it is employed are jumbled together throughout

Business Opportunities and the Future of Green Building Constructions Research Proposal

Essays on Business Opportunities and the Future of Green Building Constructions Research Proposal The paper "Business Opportunities and the Future of Green Building Constructions" is an excellent example of a research proposal on environmental studies. The unusual rise in the average temperatures as an effect of global warming and the severe green loss of the earth generates a serious concern about the environment of our living place. Over the years, the consumption of natural resources on a large scale with unlimited wastage is making our environment worse. The improper utilization of green resources is causing the depletion of the ozone plate and many other environmental threats.Under these environmental threats there is one more potential area which is posing a threat is constructions and infrastructure developments, Although it has created unprecedented levels of welfare for people and the society, it has given a comfortable and luxurious way to live but despite these developments, the fact is that uncounted infrastructure affected the health and material welfare and affectin g the environment which is caused from the environmental unfriendly practices adopted by the construction sector.â€Å"According to Hashim Al Dabal, CEO of Dubai Properties - The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment, affecting human health and economy. If developers adopt green building strategies they can not only construct sustainable communities with indoor environmental quality but can also support the preservation of energy and water resources.†The term â€Å"Sustainable Development† was first used in a public context in the World Commission for Environment and Development (WCED) report â€Å"Our Common Future In 1987† and was defined as â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. (WCED, 1987) the sustainability concept has gained widespread acceptance as a model and philosophy for guiding community decision-making related to economic growth, Environment preservation and quality of life.The idea of Green Construction comes from the idea of sustainable developments. In the early 1990s, the construction and development sector grew fast without any consideration of environmental factors and their effect on the environment at the same time, with the focus on the economic aspects of development. The selection of materials used for construction did not consider environmental effects, only speed, and quality. Waste disposal was not well managed and contractors did not take recycling into consideration when planning for a building, the main concern was the economic and financial factors.On the global front if we look at America - The overall green building market (both non-residential and residential) is likely to more than double from today’s $36-49 billion to $96-140 billion by 2013 (Source: McGraw Hill Construction (2009). Green Outlook 2009: Trends Driving Change.)

Whether people should retire at 60 free essay sample

Nowadays, at what age should people retire has become a controversial issue in modern society. In this essay, I will discuss some views regarding this problem and give my own opinion. Some people believe 60 or 65 is the most reasonable age for retirement due to several causes. Firstly, to work and to retire is citizens’ obligation and right rather than simple individual choice to some extent. If every one could decide when to retire by themselves, it is hard for the government to ensure a productive and healthy workforce. Secondly, the state pension system is operated on an age basis. In particular, people are allowed to receive pension after an intended age instead of from when they retire. Therefore, the pension could be made best use of when people retire at a certain age. Thirdly, the work-induced stress may lead to health concern for the elderly over 60 or 65, such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and insomnia. We will write a custom essay sample on Whether people should retire at 60 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, others argue that people should have the right to work as long as they like which is arguable from some perspectives. The senior citizens who insist working tend to be more energetic and confident with highly-valued experience and wisdom. This is specifically well-illustrated in knowledge-based occupations such as teachers, professors, doctors and lawyers. Moreover, some people argue that if some great minds like scientists or politicians retired at 60, it would be a loss for the society as a whole. In my opinion, people should retire at 60 or 65 as a norm to keep a balanced workforce for the nation. Nevertheless, there could be exceptions for special careers especially some top experts in various fields if they prefer to work longer.

Television and Media Violence TV Ratings Benefit Essay Example For Students

Television and Media Violence TV Ratings Benefit Essay Viewers Media Argumentative Persuasive Essays TV Ratings Benefit Viewers Four Sources Cited What we and our children are watching on TV has become a concern to many. Some feel like there should be something to help decide what they think is appropriate and what is not. So in todays world TV ratings are a must. TV ratings might just be one of the best ways to control what is coming into our homes. With TV ratings we wont have to research every show that our children want to see. We will write a custom essay on Television and Media Violence TV Ratings Benefit specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We only have to look in the corner of the TV to see what the program might contain, and then if we dont approve we can tell that child that he or she must change the channel. This could be a way of controlling the violence, language, sex, ect., that our children are seeing and hearing. But we have to realize that there are people out there who make a living off of TV and that this might not be the best solution for these people. In 1996 congress passed a law about putting ratings, or as they called it codes, on TV programs. Congress told the TV industry that had to make them up or they would make them up for them and there would be no changing them. The ratings system introduced letter codes that were designed to alert parents to programs that may contain sex, violence, language or suggest an appropriate age for the viewing of that program. These kind of codes might be something like a V for violence, an L for languages, an S for sexual content, and some familiar signs, like PG, for parental guidance, that are used on movies today. Now that it has been a couple of years congress has been trying to come up with other ways to help control what is coming into the home through the TV. (Disconsiglio 14.) The republicans were the ones who wanted to promote less violence on TV, so different groups of people got together and help put them in office. Then while the republicans were in office the people who helped them get there wanted the favor back. These people started to tell the people in congress that if they didnt start to do anything about the TV problem then they tell voters in the next election that the republicans dont really care about the future generation and what they are watching on TV. (Disconsiglio 14.) One of the ways that they are trying to show that they are interested is through the V chip. This little chip will be placed inside of a TV set and when a show comes on that is violent the chip will read the rating and turn off the show. You will be able to turn this chip on and off through a numerical code on the remote control. That way, while parents are at work they dont have to worry about their kids watching violent shows with out them knowing it. (Jones 4.) Later on theyre hoping to install other commands on the chip so that parents can stop more than just violence. I believe that the TV station owners feel like they will be hurt financially by ratings. Some of their concerns might be: what to air, when to air it, how much of something they should air, how people are going to respond to them and the stations, and how much extra is this going to cost. Since people are starting to depend a lot on TV ratings, I believe that TV station owners are starting to take into consideration what they should put on the air and what they shouldnt. If one station happens to show more TV shows that are PG-14 than another station, then the station showing higher rated shows might lose ratings because parents dont think that these shows are appropriate for their children to watch. .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .postImageUrl , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:hover , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:visited , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:active { border:0!important; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:active , .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b563f17c6bb80f754f69e2ccafa16fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Strategic Marketing - Case O F Sa Sa Essay This is a big concern for TV station owners because they need to find a happy medium between family programming and adult programming. TV stations dont want to show too much of one .

Baroque Era Test Essays

Baroque Era Test Essays Baroque Era Test Paper Baroque Era Test Paper Essay Topic: Poetry During the seventeenth century, women who desired a public voice through music often joined a: convent Which of the following was a reason that a woman would join a convent during the seventeenth century? a. to avoid an unwanted marriage b. to seek asylum after being widowed c. to have an outlet for musical talent d. all of the above d. all of the above the canticle of Mary is generally known as the Magnificat during which service does the magnificat occur? vespers what services did Chiara Margarita Cozzolani provide for the convent of St. Radegonda? a. director of choirs b. abbess and prioress c. composer d. all of the above d. all of the above what is a type of music NOT composed by Chiara Margarita Cozzolani? the secular cantata the dramatic and mystical qualities of Cozzolanis setting of the Magnificat are similar to those of what other significant artwork? Beninis Ecstasy of Teresa Of the following, which characterizes Cozzolanis music for the Magnificat? a. imitative polyphony throughout b. an ABA structure c. expressive and rich in word-painting d. all of the above a? imitative polyphony throughout? (I wasnt sure about this one) what are the performing forces for Cozzolanis magnificat? two choirs, two soprano soloists, and organ and strings the prayer of praise at the end of the Magnificat is called the doxology a drama that is sung is called a opera the vocal style in opera that imitates the natural inflections of speech is called recitative a highly emotional song in an opera is called a aria the orchestral introduction at the beginning of an opera is called the overture the text of an opera is called the libretto what composer is regarded as the first master of opera? ? which cultural center rejected italian opera? France a type of English entertainment combining music, poetry, and dance was called the masque the greatest native-born English composer of Baroque was Henry Purcell Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas was composed for a production at a girls school who was the librettist of Purcells Dido and Aeneas? Nahum Tate what epic poem was the basis for Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas? Virgils Aeneid Dido sings her famous lament in Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas just prior to: killing herself Didos lament for Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas is composed over a ground base Luther believed that music belonged to the congregation in the Lutheran church, the weekly hymns sung by the congregation were called chorales which of the following does NOT describe the chorale? a. intended to be sung by the congregation b. four part harmony c. text in german d. simple and memorable melodies b. sang in four part harmonies the sacred cantata was an integral part of the lutheran church service the expansion of the chorale with new poetry resulted in the cantata during his musical career, Johann Sebastian Bach held position of: a. cantor of St. Thomans Church in Leipzig b. court organist and chamber musician to the duke of Weimar c. court musician to the prince of Ahjalt-Cothen d. all of the above d. all of the above Johann Sebastian Bach was most famous in his day as a performer on the organ what would listeners hear in a typical Bach chorale? intricate choral movements what is the form of the chorale tune Wachet Auf? bar form (AAB) Bachs cantata no. 140, Wachet Auf, has how many movements? seven the opening movement of Bachs cantata Wachet Auf is best described as a grand chorale fantasia the fourth movement of Bachs cantata Wachet Auf has three musical lines: unison choir, unison strings, and continuo Handels Messiah is a oratorio What is Handels most famous oratorio, frequently performed today? Messiah Why is Messiah so popular in Britain and America today? a. sung in english b. first part is appropriate for the christmas season c. it combines vocal soloists, chorus, and orchestra d. all of the above d. all of the above which of the following does NOT characterize an oratorio? a. elaborate scenery b. recitatives c. arias d. choruses a. elaborate scenery the stories for oratorios are generally drawn from the Bible George Frideric Handel is considered master of the oratorio Who was born in Germany and studied in Italy, but spend much of his creative life in England? Handel When Handel arrived in London, he established his fame by composing oratorios Later in life, Handel turned his efforts from the opera to the oratorio the subject of the second part of Messiah is the death of christ the orchestra for Messiah relies primarily on the strings Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion from Messiah is an example of a da capo aria what is ritornello? an instrumental refrain in an aria the famous choral climax of Handels Messiah is the Hallelujah Chorus which of the following does NOT characterize the Hallelujah Chorus? a. varied dynamics b. fugal passages c. homophonic passages d. a cappella setting d. a cappella setting in seventeenth century New England, the puritan practice of singing that is based on call and response was called lining-out what is the basic texture of the practice of lining-out? monophonic why was lining-out developed? a. most people could not read music b. most people could not afford to buy a psalm book c. the church wanted everyone to participate equally in services d. all of the above d. all of the above what is heterophonic texture? the simultaneous performance of slight variants of the same melody which of the following was NOT a musical development in the seventeenth century? a. polyphonic settings of sacred music began to appear b, singing schools began teaching music c. american composers were discouraged from writing music d. shape-note singing was developed a. polyphonic settings of sacred music began to appear which of the following does NOT characterize shape-note notation? a. it was created in order to standardize sacred melodies b. it was based on solfege, syllables used to memorize music c. the shape of a note denoted its solfege syllable d. it was first applied to tutorials for piano playing d. it was first applied to tutorials for piano playing how can the career of William Billings be described? he knew several leaders of the American Revolution Billingss best-known publication is The New England Psalm Singer the form of Billingss Davids Lamentation is ABB what is the texture of Billingss Davids Lamentation? homophonic with solos and duets of the following, what contributes to the simplicity of Billingss Davids Lamentation? a. mostly stepwise melodies b. consonant harmonies c. duple meter and regular rhythmic patterns d. all of these d. all of these what describes Spanish attitudes toward indigenous American peoples? they tried to reconcile local beliefs and christianity which of the following musical activities in NOT associated with Gaspar Fernanded? a. playing organ b. composing operas c. teaching music to choirboys d. collecting music performed in Mexico at the time b. composing operas which of the following does NOT characterize the villancico by Fernandes? a. images of christianity mixed with those of the aztec religion b. an ensemble refrain c. notation that includes parts for organ and other instruments d. a frequent short-long rhythm c. notation that includes parts for organ and other instruments the first era of western music history in which instrumental music was a major focus for composers was the Baroque which of the following does NOT describe instrumental music in the Baroque era? a. the flowering of instrumental music was largely encouraged by wealthy patrons b. elaborate instrumental music often accompanied grand celebrations c. new technologies made more sophisticated instruments possible d. instrumental music became the central focus of western concert music at this time d. instrumental music became the central focus of western concert music at this time which of the following is NOT a major difference between Baroque and modern violins? a. the general shape of the instrument b. the type of strings c. the playing techniques d. the cost of the instrument a. the general shape of the instrument during the Baroque, which of the woodwind instruments became associated with a somber mood? bassoon which of the following instruments was NOT made of wood during Baroque? a. recorder b. oboe c. trumpet d. flute c. trumpet which of the following does NOT characterize the Baroque suite? a. consists of a series of dances b. movements are in contrasting keys c. each movements is a dance type from a different country d. the movements have contrasts of tempo and character b. movements are in contrasting keys which of the following dance types was NOT standard in a Baroque suite? a. allemande b. sarabande c. courante d. tarantella d. tarantella what is the most common form of the individual movement in a suite? binary baroque composers applied the concept of the suite to: a. solo instrumental music b. keyboard music c. orchestral music d. all of the above d. all of the above handels Water Music is best described as suite why is the music for Handels Water Music marked by lively rhythms and catchy melodies? it was written to be performed outdoors on barges the Alla hornpipe movement from Water Music is characterized by instrumental groups exchanging motivic ideas the instrumental form based on the contrast of two dissimilar bodies of sound is called a concerto the typical solo concerto has how many movements? 3 the *blank* form in a concerto is loosely based on the alternation between orchestral statements and virtuosic passages for the soloist. ritornello a ritornello form in a concerto is typically found in the first and third movements who was the greatest and most prolific italian composer of concertos? Vivaldi antonia vivaldi was known as the red priest for the color of his hair vivaldi lived and worked in Venice What is Vivaldis best-known set of concertos? The Four Seasons the solo instrument in Spring from The Four Seasons is the violin Which of the following does NOT characterize Vivaldis Four Seasons? a. based on poems b. avoid ritornello form c. convey pictoral images d. structured in three movement forms b. avoid ritornello the opening movement of Spring from The Four Seasons is in what form? ritornello in the slow movement of Spring, Vivaldi evokes a dogs parking through an ostinato rhythm which of the following was NOT an important keyboard instrument during the Baroque? a. harpsichord b. piano c. organ d. clavichord b. piano What keyboard instrument is plucked by quills? harpsichord the harpsichord is different from the piano because: a. sometimes has two keyboards b. strings are plucked c. not capable of wide dynamic range d. all of the above d. all of the above the keyboard instrument that uses various sets of pipes to create contrasting colors is? organ what is toccata? an improvisatory, virtuosic keyboard work what is the keyboard form that is based on the principle of voices imitating each other? fugue what is the principal element of a fugue? counterpoint after the first statement of the fugue subject, the second entrance of the subject is called the answer the opening section of a fugue, in which all voices successively introduce the subject is called the exposition in a fugue, the areas of relaxation where the subject is not heard are called episodes which of the following is NOT a contrapuntal device that alters the orginal theme of a fugue? a. augmenation b. retrograde c. prelude d. diminution c. prelude in a fugue, the technique of stating the theme in shorter time values that go faster is called diminution in the field of keyboard music, Bachs most important collection was the well-tempered clavier what is the title of a set of 48 preludes and fugues by Bach? the well-tempered clavier how many preludes and fugues are contained in the two well tempered clavier volumes? 48 Bachs last demonstration of contrapuntal mastery was the art of the fugue how many voices or individual lines are there in Bachs contrapunctus 1, from the art of the fugue? four by which voice is the subject first stated in contrapunctus 1 from the art of the fugue? alto TRUE or FALSE: Creative voices from groups excluded from equal opportunity seldom have any emotional impact. False TRUE or FALSE: Women who made a name for themselves as professional musicians were often viewed as having low morals. True TRUE or FALSE: The convent of St. Radegonda in Milan was famous for its music-making. True TRUE or FALSE: The Catholic Church supported the performances of nuns in public and their use of polyphony. False TRUE or FALSE: In convents, men frequently joined the nuns choir in order to perform the bass parts. False TRUE or FALSE: Although coming from the family of a wealthy Milanese merchant, Chiara Margarita Cozzolani entered a convent and professed her final vows at age eighteen. True TRUE or FALSE: In Cozzolanis Magnificat, the choirs often sing in homophony. True TRUE or FALSE: In opera, the lyric melodies that release emotional tension are called recitatives. False TRUE or FALSE: Early operas, such as Monteverdis Orfeo, were simple productions for intimate gatherings. False TRUE or FALSE: The first public opera houses opened in Venice. True TRUE or FALSE: In seventeenth-century England, the masque was a popular type of aristocratic entertainment that combined vocal instrumental music with poetry and dance. True TRUE or FALSE: Purcells Dido and Aeneas was first performed in a public opera house. False TRUE or FALSE: The aria When I am laid in earth is unified by a ground bass on a descending chromatic scale. True TRUE or FALSE: The aria When I am laid in earth is accompanied by continuo only. False TRUE or FALSE: Luther believed that professional musicians had no place in a church service. False TRUE or False: A chorale is a hymn tune associated with German Protestantism. True TRUE or FALSE: Chorales were intended to be sung by a trained choir. False TRUE or FALSE: The texts for chorales were always taken directly from the Bible. False TRUE or FALSE: Bach completed over two hundred cantatas. True TRUE or FALSE: Johann Sebastian Bach lived a short, unhappy life and had no children. False TRUE or FALSE: During his lifetime, Johann Sebastian Bach was known primarily as a great organist. True TRUE or FALSE: All the movements of Bachs Cantata No. 140 make use of the chorale tune Wachet auf. False TRUE or FALSE: In Wachet auf, Bach avoids mirroring the form of the chorale in his chorale movements. False TRUE or FALSE: A bar form has the structure of A-A-B. True TRUE or FALSE: An oratorio is a dramatic, staged work with elaborate scenery and costumes. False TRUE or FALSE: The role of a chorus is especially important in the oratorio. True TRUE or FALSE: Handel wrote his oratorio Messiah over a period of four years. False TRUE or FALSE: The libretto for Handels oratorio Messiah is a compilation of verses from the Old and New Testaments. True TRUE or FALSE: Handels Messiah is divided into three parts. True TRUE or FALSE: Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion is in bar form. False TRUE or FALSE: The Hallelujah Chorus is the climax of the Christmas section of Messiah. False TRUE or FALSE: Handels Hallelujah Chorus includes a variety of textures. True TRUE or FALSE: Lining-out was a system designed to promote polyphony in America. False TRUE or FALSE: Lining-out often involved heterophony. True TRUE or FALSE: Shape-note notation was designed to help the general public read music. True TRUE or FALSE: William Billings was the first highly trained composer active in America. False TRUE or FALSE: Billingss four-part compositions generally placed the main melody in the soprano. False TRUE or FALSE: The text for Billingss Davids Lamentation is derived from the Bible. True TRUE or FALSE: Missionaries taught American natives plainchant exclusively in Latin. False TRUE or FALSE: The incorporation of percussion instruments in Fernandess villancico is not indicated in the score but suggested by various historical documents. True TRUE or FALSE: The Renaissance period was the first in which instrumental music was comparable in importance to vocal music. False TRUE or FALSE: Stradivarius, Guarneri, and Amati were famous makers of violins during the Baroque era. True TRUE or FALSE: The invention of valves enable Baroque trumpet players to become virtuosos. False TRUE or FALSE: Today, Baroque music is played exclusively on modern instruments. False TRUE or FALSE: The standard Baroque suite consists of a variety of international dance types. True TRUE or FALSE: Baroque suites were composed for orchestra only. False TRUE or FALSE: Handels Water Music received its name because of the depiction of waves in the Alla hornpipe. False TRUE or FALSE: The Alla hornpipe from Handels Water Music is in ternary form. True TRUE or FALSE: The typical Baroque concerto is written for a solo instrument with a continuo accompaniment. False TRUE or FALSE: The concerto lends itself to virtuoso playing. True TRUE or FALSE: The tempos in a three-movement concerto are Adagio-Allegro-Andante. False TRUE or FALSE: Antonio Vivaldi composed over two hundred concertos for solo violin. True TRUE or FALSE: Vivaldi lived in Rome, where he taught music at a girls school. False TRUE or FALSE: Bach composed the famous set of works known as the Brandenburg Concertos. True TRUE or FALSE: The Four Seasons is considered to be program music. True TRUE or FALSE: In Spring from The Four Seasons, all of the images are created in the orchestra passages. True TRUE or FALSE: The most important keyboard instruments of the Baroque were the harpsichord, organ and piano. False TRUE or FALSE: The strings of a harpsichord are plucked by quills. True TRUE or FALSE: The advantage of the harpsichord was its ability to produce crescendos and diminuendos. False TRUE or FALSE: The organ has multiple keyboards. True TRUE or FALSE: A fugue is a contrapuntal composition in which a single subject is the focal point that unifies the work. True TRUE or FALSE: A fugue is a form intended exclusively for solo keyboard performance. False TRUE or FALSE: At the beginning of a fugue, the countersubject is stated alone. False TRUE or FALSE: Johann Sebastian Bachs Art of Fugue is now generally considered to be a keyboard work. False

Intelligence Testing for Special Education

Intelligence Testing for Special Education Individualized intelligence tests are usually part of the battery of tests a school psychologist will use to evaluate students when referred for evaluation. Intelligence Testing The two most commonly used are the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and the Stanford-Binet. For many years the WISC has been considered the most valid measure of intelligence because it had both language and symbol based items and performance-based items. The WISC also provided diagnostic information, because the verbal part of the test could be compared to the performance items, to show a disparity between language and spatial intelligence. The Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale, originally the Binet-Simon Test, was designed to identify students with cognitive disabilities. The scales focus on language narrowed the definition of intelligence, which has been to some extent broadened in the most recent form, the SB5. Both the Stanford-Binet and WISC are normed, comparing samples from each age group. In both cases, we have seen intelligence scores going up.  Research shows the mean increasing somewhere between 3 and 5 percent a decade.  Ã‚  It is believed the fact that the way instruction is mediated is directly related to how intelligence is measured.  We dont necessarily teach to the test so much as structure information that way the test scores.  It also means that children with severe apraxia or language difficulties because of autism may score very poorly on the Standford-Binet because of its focus on language.  They may have intellectually disabled or retarded in their diagnosis, whereas, in reality, they may really be Intellectually different, since their intelligence is not truly being evaluated. The Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales, or RAIS, takes 35 minutes to administer and covers 2 verbal intelligence indexes, 2 non-verbal indexes and a comprehensive intelligence index, which measures reasoning ability and the ability to learn, among other cognitive skills. Best Known Intelligence Test The best-known product of Intelligence testing is the IQ, or Intelligence Quotient. An IQ score of 100 is meant to reflect the average (mean) score for children the same age as the child being tested. A score over 100 implies better than average intelligence, and scores below 100 (actually, 90) implies some level of cognitive difference. Group Tests Group Tests prefer to bill themselves as ability rather than intelligence tests and are usually used to identify children for gifted programs.  These are generally used for screening to identify children with either high or low intelligence.  Children who are identified for gifted programs or IEPs are often re-tested with an individual test, either the WISC or Standford Binet intelligence tests, to have a clearer picture of a childs challenges or gifts.   The CogAT or Cognitive Abilities Test consists of several sessions, from 30 minutes (kindergarten) to 60 minutes (higher levels.) The MAB or Multidimensional Aptitude Battery consists of 10 subtests scores and can be grouped in verbal and performance areas. The MAB can be administered to individuals, groups, or on the computer. It yields standard scores, percentiles or IQs. With the emphasis on state assessments and achievement, few districts are regularly administering group tests. Psychologists usually prefer one of the individual tests of intelligence to identify children for special education services.

What Strategies are currently used in the outdoor learning environment Essay

What Strategies are currently used in the outdoor learning environment to support childrens development within the Early Years - Essay Example It can play a critical role in the development of these children because it provides a different perspective to the learning process. This is more so if the children are in the early years, what is commonly referred to as the Early Years Foundation Stage (Perry 2001). Research has shown that the act of being indoors has a positive impact on the child’s sense of well-being while also contributing to the various aspects of the child’s development. Being outdoors gives the young children an opportunity to make full use of their senses, to explore their surrounding and an opportunity to be physically active (Jones 2004). They get an opportunity to experience firsthand contact with the natural world more so the seasons and the weather. This is in sharp contrast to the confined environment of the classrooms; children also get an opportunity to do things differently than when they are indoors. This type of all rounded approach to learning is very critical to the progress of the child. Outdoor learning is usually remembered for long periods of time after the lessons have taken place. This is because; the outdoor experiences and adventures indulged in add to the relevance and depth to what is learnt in indoor environments. It influences the literacy and numeracy by making it possible to use theories learnt elsewhere (Saracho 2002). Children can use maps, charts, spoken word, measuring angles and bearings. It gives them a deeper meaning of the information. Educational practitioners are increasingly making use of the external environment as a tool for learning because of various reasons. Most important is that the environment has certain unique characteristics and features that can be adapted to offer valuable learning experiences to the children. Given that development has an all rounded agenda, it has been found that outdoor learning has the same value as indoor learning and both should be given priority. Another key