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Thursday, August 27, 2020
Needs for a Domestic Vacuum Cleaner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Requirements for a Domestic Vacuum Cleaner - Essay Example The Dyson DC08T is a hypoallergenic chamber vacuum cleaner, and accompanies a lose no attractions power claims from the producer. It Employs a Bagless Dust Collector, and is detached. In appearance, itââ¬â¢s adorable, minimal and little. The splendid vivid outsides are appealing, and the cleaner has effectively flexibility catches. The hose funnel can be folded over the cleaner and consequently encourages simple stockpiling. With a most extreme volume of the residue authority of 2 Liters, it is equipped for working for an all-inclusive timeframe without the need to clean and restart. The cleaner anyway isn't equipped for taking a shot at a remote control mode, and furthermore doesn't have the ability to multi-work. It accompanies a Telescopic wand and a turbo head for profound cleaning or utilizing on pet hair. Prior to continuing to report the genuine exercise, it is fitting to expand upon the design of the cleaning zone. The cleaning will be embraced in my two-rooms, that have hard floors and furniture like, bed, dresser and an easy chair. It will likewise incorporate the lounge room, that also has hard floor, a Belgium cover, and a collection of mats. The furniture in this room incorporates a texture outfitted couch set, a glass-beat focus table, two wooden side tables, and a variety of ancient rarities that incorporate little estimated rules, earthenware jars, and a few other comparable showcases. The corridor houses feasting table and seats, and a few parlor seats.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
A summary about a primary source about american history before 1865 Essay
An outline about an essential source about american history before 1865 - Essay Example Such was a noteworthy stand that had earned him scorn among the white ranchers who depended on slave work. Moreover, slave exchange was an enormous industry that added to the economy of the nation at that point. The president repeats his longing to end bondage inferable from the unfeeling angles it displayed. He discloses that he looks to end subjection by impacting an adjustment in the countryââ¬â¢s constitution. Along these lines, he shows that he regards the constitution. He would just present an adjustment in the constitution by impacting the attitude of other chosen agents. In the letter, he communicates his craving in sparing the association. The common war took steps to destabilize the United States. He along these lines clarifies his craving and endeavors planned for completion the common war in this way sparing the association. In doing this, he clarifies will agree to the letters of the constitution and completion servitude along these lines making a firm express that ma intains the estimations of
Friday, August 21, 2020
Blog Archive GMAT Impact All About Integrated Reasoning, Part 3
Blog Archive GMAT Impact All About Integrated Reasoning, Part 3 When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series, Manhattan GMATâs Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. (Part 3 in a series; read Part 1 and Part 2.) In previous posts, weâve talked about what Integrated Reasoning (IR) is, when the new test is going to launch and what the questions will look like. Weâve also talked briefly about the scoring and implications for b-school applications. Probably the single biggest challenge we face with IR is the sheer volume of information weâre given. For some prompts, it doesnât seem possible that we can even read through all of the information in 2.5 minutes, let alone answer the questions. One major difference between IR and the quant section is that we are given a lot of extraneous information. Part of our task is to figure out what we do need and what we can ignore. Fully reading and analyzing every last piece of information in all of the prompts is therefore not going to be possibleâ"in fact, weâre going to have to be even more aggressive about reading selectively than we have to be when reading Reading Comprehension (RC) passages. Multi-Source Reasoning (MSR) prompts tend to be the most text heavy; luckily, these include three separate questions, so we have a total of 7.5 minutes (on average) to read the prompt and answer all the questions. Two-Part Analysis prompts that are more like verbal questions tend to be the length of long Critical Reasoning (CR) passages; those that are more like quant questions arenât all that different, though they do tend to be on the long-and-wordy side, like a math story problem. Both of these types benefit from a complete read through, though, as with RC, youâll have to recognize which things are just details and skim over those more (you can come back to the details later). Table Analysis prompts can often be the most intimidating at first glanceâ"a table might include 15 or 20 rows of data! Read the text that describes whatâs in the table, but donât even bother looking at the data itself until after youâve read the question and know what you need to do. On one of the Table questions, I had a chart with 17 rows of data, but I only needed four of the rows to answer the questions. I was able to literally ignore the rest. Graphical Interpretation prompts will often include graph types with which you may not be very familiar right now. Familiarizing yourself with the different types of graphs you might see is important; this will make the Graph questions a lot easier to answer. Again, go straight for the graph description text first. Thereâs a good chance youâll need to look at the graph to help yourself understand what the description is saying. I found that I had to do this on all three of my Graph prompts on my first GMATPrep. Want to try some out? You can download GMATPrep 2.0 at www.mba.com. There are also sample questions available on that same Web site. Have fun! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact
Monday, May 25, 2020
Essay on Plato on the Existence of Negative Forms
Plato on the Existence of Negative Forms The question of the origin and nature of evil in the world has preoccupied philosophers throughout history. The ancient philosopher Plato does not directly address this question in his writings, but it can be argued that the logic of his theory of forms demands the existence of forms that are negative in meaning, such as the evil and the bad. When discussing his theory of imitation, Plato alludes to the principle that whenever there are many things of the same nature, there is one form for that nature. In several passages, Plato makes mention of many negative things. It can be debated, however, whether or not the negative has a positive ontological character of its own forâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He writes: Now, the god either because he didn?t want to or because it was not necessary for him to do so, didn?t make more than one bed in nature, but only one, the very one that is the being of a bed. Two or more of these have not been made by the god and never will be. Why is that? Because, if he made only two, then again one would come to light whose form they in turn would both possess, and that would be the one that is the being of a bed and not the other two.[2] Plato is saying that there is only one form for the many because there is a single nature that is recognized as unifying each of the many. It is this nature that imitates the form and since the nature is one, there can only be one form. There are several points in the Republic where Plato alludes to many instances of a negative quality, so it can be argued that, according to Plato?s system, there must be one negative form. For the purpose of analyzing Aristotle?s criticism of Plato, David Ross outlines three distinct respects in which a term can be considered negative.[3] The first category of negative terms that Ross identifies are those which are ?purely negative in their meaning? such as the ?not-good? or ?not-beautiful.? What the many not-good have in common is the absence of being good. The second class of negative terms in Ross?s division encompasses terms that are positive in the sense that they express a qualityShow MoreRelatedPlatos View Of The Worldview Of Plato966 Words à |à 4 PagesWorldview of Plato Plato showed more interest in the success of society as a whole as he suggested that not revealing the wisdom or truth to others is a disservice to society. Plato showed more interest in everyday material objects than the average man, he looked towards material objects having a transcendental aspect. This is what made Plato such an interesting philosopher. Not only was he able to look at the world in a more unique way, which showed that Plato was truly a loving person. He wasRead MoreComparing Aristotle and Plato Essays1325 Words à |à 6 PagesComparing Aristotle and Plato Aristotle argues that in order for a polis to emerge, a union between man and women must convene. Later a household must be introduced which unites with other households to form a village, villages come together to form city-states. This theory is Aristotleââ¬â¢s natural view that an individual can not be self sufficient Plato argues that, in order to achieve absolute justice, a city-state is needed. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher RulersRead MorePhaedo by Plato1189 Words à |à 5 PagesContestants of this perspective on knowledge are called empiricists. People who practice this form of thinking conceive that knowledge is produced from sensory experiences. Empiricist see the importance of sensory experiences in order to provide answers about the natural world. Each view has their benefits and drawbacks but each play a vital role in the discussion about knowledge. The philosopher Plato is considered to be a rationalist thinker. In Platoââ¬â¢s Phaedo, he shows the reader that the fiveRead MoreThe Republicn and a Brief History of Philosphy1763 Words à |à 7 Pagesphilosopher-king, soul, and truth. Plato uses justice though as the folk point and the remaining five trace back to justice. Socrates defines justice as ââ¬Å"that one man should practice one thing only, the thing to which his nature was best adaptedâ⬠(Plato 123). Socrates then goes to discuss the three parts to the soul, ââ¬Å"A man reasons, we may call the rational principle of the soul, the otherâ⬠¦ may be termed the irrational or appetitiveâ⬠and then there is the spirit (Plato 130). Kant proposes that justiceRead MorePhilosophy Is The Idea Of Knowing One s Mind By Asking The Simplest Question1494 Words à |à 6 Pageswisdom, which originated in Ancient Greece around 2500 BCE. In philosophy, people undertake a journey to discovering and understanding the fun damental truths about; themselves, the world, and relationships both personal and public. Philosophers like Plato believed that our ideas influence the way we live, and therefore offered a simple yet practical approach to wisdom. As over time, philosophers have sought answers to lifeââ¬â¢s imperative questions: what is right and wrong? what is the meaning and purposeRead MoreRhetoric : The Power Of Discourse1689 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Power of Discourse The art of rhetoric has been present since the beginning of time. The birth of rhetoric is usually attributed to the Greeks as they presented us with ideas and theories about discourse. Famous philosophers such as Plato, the Sophists, and Aristotle presented us with theories that continue to be studied throughout. Most importantly the reason why we still study rhetoric is because rhetoric is everywhere. Our everyday lives are filled with the intensity of rhetoric and whatRead MoreSt. Augustine as the True Heir of Plato Essay1144 Words à |à 5 PagesAristotle and St. Augustine have both been influenced by Plato. Their philosophy on morality, politics, and the purpose of life has been platonically influenced. St. Augustine is the true heir of Plato because he has taken Platoââ¬â¢s ideal state, and revealed the implications of the lives that the citizens of the earthly city lead, in the City of God. Platoââ¬â¢s state is an ideal state, that would not function in reality. St. Au gustine has taken Platoââ¬â¢s notions, and have furthered the implications of livingRead MorePersonal Philosophy : Al Farabi1684 Words à |à 7 PagesAristotle, Plato, and Socrates were the main Greek influencers of Al Farabi. Al Farabi as well as Ibn Sina have been recognized as Peripatetics or rationalists. The best known Arabic source for Al Farabi s political philosophy is his work titled The Virtuous City. In many of Al Farabiââ¬â¢s philosophical works the practical use of philosophy is a major concern, and while the majority of his philosophy has been influenced by Aristotelian ethics, his practical philosophy is more closely related to Plato. Platoââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Complicated Life of Socrates1183 Words à |à 5 Pageson expressing his beliefs. He wasnââ¬â¢t the typical ââ¬Å"teacherâ⬠or ââ¬Å"preacherâ⬠; he was a very critical and analytical thinker that helped guide his students and the Athenians during his time. Through his teachings and beliefs, Socrates had positive and negative influence on the people during his time and modern time. Although he is credited as one of the founders of Western Philosophy, Political Philosophy, and Ethics, his teachings was in disagreement with the teachings of the democracy of Athens, whichRead MoreHistory of Philosophy1337 Words à |à 6 Pagesunique way. Starting with Aristotle who was born in 384 B.C. and developed his views in Greece during a time where polytheism was standard and Christianity did not exist. Aristotle believed in eternity and an afterlife much like most Greeks as well as Plato, his teacher. Descartes, a 17th century philosopher originally from France, had views of the world and life that quite possibly were influenced by his experience as soldier and a thirst for proof of everything he had ever been told. He distrusted
Thursday, May 14, 2020
The Atomic Bomb How It Protected - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1022 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Atomic Bomb Essay Did you like this example? Trinity, a graphic history of the first atomic bomb, is written by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm and describes the detailed process of how the atomic bomb was created and how it was used against Japan in the second World War. Theodore Van Kirk was the navigator on the plane that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. In an interview, he was asked to describe his mission, the time leading up to it, and his perspective on dropping the bomb. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Atomic Bomb: How It Protected" essay for you Create order It is seen from both authors that protecting American citizens and soldiers was the top priority, as well as ending the war. Fetter-Vorm uses the trope, protection, to argue that the bomb was the safest way to accomplish their main goal: to end the war. United States leaders and army generals hoped to lessen the total number of casualties from the war. Similarly, Van Kirk uses protection as his trope to argue the bomb was the best way to quickly end the war. It is important to look at how both authors utilize the trope in order to prove that using the atomic bomb was the ideal option to effectively end the war and save the lives of Americans. In Trinity, Henry Stimson, the Secretary of War, argues that the war would become more violent if Japan was invaded, and this is significant because it shows the bomb was the better choice for ending the war. During a meeting, Stimson said, If America invades Japan, we will have to go through an even more bitter finish fight than we did in Germany (83). The general wanted to protect the soldiers that would be shipped out to Japan. Dropping the bomb meant that Japan would not have to be invaded, which also meant that there would be less American casualties. In the interview with Van Kirk, he explains that dropping the atomic bomb would save both Japanese and American lives, which is significant because this also shows that lessening the impending number of casualties was important to military leaders. Van Kirk believed that the number of casualties would have been much higher for both the United States and Japan if they had chosen to invade Japan instead of dropping the bomb. Though t he bomb resulted in mass Japanese casualties, both sources illustrate that the result of an invasion would have been much worse for the countries involved. Soldiers were depicted in Trinity as restless before their mission, as they laid awake thinking about the possibility of being seen as heroes. This is significant, because they believed they were going to end the war. They believed this was in the best interest of Americans, because they were protecting them from the Japanese. In the same way, Van Kirk describes himself and his fellow airmen as not being able to go to sleep, because they were wondering if the bomb was actually going to work. It is significant, because they wanted the atomic bomb to work in order to ultimately save lives and bring the war to an end. Both Van Kirk and the soldiers from Trinity felt this was their only option to end the war. In contrast to Trinity, Van Kirk and the others on his mission team were not thinking about being seen on television or wondering if they would be considered heroes by their neighbors. They were not looking for recognition; they just wanted to serve their country. Overall, protectio n was conveyed by both parties, as they wanted to end the war and save as many American lives as possible. During the interview, Van Kirk describing how the Japanese were not good people back then is significant because it was a way of condoning killing the Japanese [7:03]. Though he did not admit it, this potentially could have been Van Kirks way of killing any remorse he felt from killing so many Japanese civilians. By dropping the bomb, the United States would subdue the people of Japan, thereby saving American lives. In the Trinity, General Curtis LeMay rhetorically questions if it is better to have dead Japanese or dead Americans, and this is significant because it illustrates how the safety of Americans was prioritized. He was looking out for his soldiers best interests, as well as those of United States citizens. Both LeMay and Van Kirk would agree that Japan was the enemy, so protecting Americans was more important than worrying about the number of casualties Japan was going to accumulate. In the book, the Japanese had to decide if they should surrender to the United States, and this is significant because they had to think about the safety of their citizens. On the fifteenth of August, the emperor of Japan surrendered by stating, Should we continue to fight, it would not only result in an ultimate collapse of the Japanese nation, but also it would lead to the total extinction of human civilization (131). Japanese leaders had considered the effects of continuing the war, but they recognized that the safety of their citizens was in jeopardy. They did not want their race to become extinct. In the interview, Van Kirk discussing the many casualties of war and how he knew several prisoners of war is significant, because it explains why he felt the bomb was needed. He was willing to do whatever it took to end the war. Like the Japanese, Van Kirk did not want there to be any more casualties. In the graphic novel Trinity and the interview with Air Force navigator Theodore Van Kirk, the theme of protection through the use of the atomic bomb was displayed in various ways. It is conveyed by both sources that saving American lives and ending the war was the top priority. The atomic bomb effectively brought the war to an end, resulting in many innocent Japanese lives being taken. Fetter-Vorm uses protection to argue that the bomb was the safest way to end the war. Likewise, Van Kirk uses protection to argue that the bomb was the most effective way to end the war. Both authors utilize the trope, protection, to prove that using the atomic bomb was the best way to end the war.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Nietzsche s Views On Morality - 1518 Words
Fredrick Nietzsche would probably be worried about my morality. Growing up in an atheist household where Nietzscheââ¬â¢s assertion that ââ¬Å"God is deadâ⬠was mostly true, the ââ¬Å"sklavenmoralâ⬠of Christianity did not provide me with my set of morals, but neither did culture, as Nietzsche suggests, because neither of my parents were interested or educated in philosophy and art; I was only introduced to these subjects in school, after my morals had already been formed. Although Nietzsche may have been worried that someone in my situation would be helplessly immoral and lacking guidance, I know that I have a strong sense of right, wrong, and in between. With myself as an example, it is clear that Nietzscheââ¬â¢s description of morality is not complete or entirely accurate. Nietzscheââ¬â¢s philosophy is faulty in that he focuses completely on the selfish needs of the individual, and assumes that all humans are selfish and this selfishness is the basis of their morals. Nietzsche describes the morals of the à ¼bermensch as an alternative to the morals of Christianity. The difference between the two is that in Christianity the believer adopts the morals sanctified by the church for selfish reasons, while the à ¼bermensch creates his own selfish morals. This explanation stems from the view of morals as a purpose in life rather than a just a way to live. If one only has morals in order to gain purpose, then this morality must be selfish. I believe that the source of true morals is not selfishness, but theShow MoreRelatedNietzsche s Views On Religion And Morality1166 Words à |à 5 Pagesstripping us of our passions. In ââ¬Å"Morality as Anti-Nature,â⬠Nietzsche claims that all religions are founded in a moral code of conduct that is supposed to lead to happiness. However, Nietzsche thinks that these religious rules keep people from being happy, because passions are part of what make people happy. I agree with Nietzsche that every religion and morality is founded on a general principle of ââ¬Ëdo this and do that,ââ¬â¢ and I also agree that religions and morality do some damage to our passions.Read MoreFriedrich Nietzsche s Influence On Modern Intellectual History And Western Philosophy1559 Words à |à 7 PagesFriedman Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, poet, cultural critic, philologist, and a Greek and Latin scholar. His work has had lots of influence on modern intellectual history and Western philosophy in general. It revolved mainly around art, philology, religion and science. He wrote about morality, tragedy, aesthetics, atheism, epistemology and consciousness. Howeve r, some of Nietzsche s most profound elements of his philosophy include his powerful critique of reason and truth. He arguedRead MoreNietzsche And Murdoch s Theme Of Morality978 Words à |à 4 Pages Nietzsche and Murdochââ¬â¢s Theme of Morality One of the nineteenth centuryââ¬â¢s greatest philosophers is Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche was ideas regarding morality and nature continue to be debated today. Irish Murdoch another great philosopher writer of the 20th century wrote about philosophy regarding religion and nature. Both philosophers discuss the theme of morality in contrasting ways. Nietzsche believes in individual morality from the natural perspective and religion not from nature. MurdochRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle s Theory Of Moral Virtue1229 Words à |à 5 PagesNietzsche and Aristotle were two of the most significant philosopher of not only their time but their works has lasted throughout the centuries to influence even some todayââ¬â¢s greatest minds. Their works however could not be any separated, Aristotle is a prominent figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre. He was a student of great thinkers such as Plato and SocratesRead More Beyond Good and Evil: Nietzsches Philosophy on Good and Evil1123 Words à |à 5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher in the 1800ââ¬â¢s. His work has since influenced, impacted, and brought forth new questions for many philosophers to follow. One of Nietzscheââ¬â¢s famous writings Beyond Good and Evil expresses his views on society and the two different classes it holds, slave and master. He expresses his belief that the two are in warfare with one another, the strong (master) fighting for the will to power, while the weak (slave) tries to pull the master down to their level using clandestineRead MoreThe Slave Mortality Presented By Nietzsche In His Genealogy1396 Words à |à 6 Pagesmortality presented by Nietzsche in his Genealogy of Morals is prevalent within modern literature. The dark effects of this morality have crept far beyond the general view of the elite class and into our writing. This is not much of a surprise since literature reflects the world and our view of the world within it. Unfortunately, its impact on our society is shown by its prevalence within modern writing. This morality allows the author to focus on the ââ¬Å"evil enemyâ⬠(Nietzsche 39) instead of the goodRead MoreMorality And The Origins Of Morality852 Words à |à 4 Pagestimes Nietzsche understands ââ¬Å"moralityâ⬠as the set of values typical of the European society of his days. In this sense, it is safe to say that Nietzsche opposes morality and that genealogy serves the ultimate goal of undermining it. However, it is legitimate to envision for genealogy a scope for application which goes beyond the particular morality of 19th century Germans. Accordingly, my claim is that in Nietzsche European morality represents just one possible form of morality. Nietzsche himselfRead MoreNietzsche And Mill s Ideas Of Freedom1243 Words à |à 5 Pagesobjective of identifying common ground betw een Nietzsche and Millââ¬â¢s ideas of freedom is to define freedom adequately so that it can be used as a basis for comparison. Each theoristââ¬â¢s opinion on what freedom is, however, appears to be fairly distinct. Mill might describe freedom as the absence of constraints to original, individual thought, whereas Nietzsche conceptualizes freedom as continual self-overcoming to evolve a more actualized self. Freedom for Nietzsche is overcoming wrong beliefs and creatingRead MoreGender Inequality And Idealized Beauty Standards1688 Words à |à 7 Pagesmore demands on both males and females and is a form of oppression, and her beliefs regarding ideal beauty. Wolfââ¬â¢s ideas surrounding gender inequality relate to Nietzsche s theory regarding master and slave morality and manââ¬â¢s struggle to be a free spirit because those who adhere to society s dictates on ideal beauty also have ââ¬Å"slave moralityâ⬠. An important aspect of gender inequality are the demands and expectations that are placed on each gender. Males are supposed to be seen as toughRead MoreNietzsche s Philosophy On Personal Life And Education1200 Words à |à 5 PagesFriedrich Nietzsche was a German, writer, poet, thinker and philopher. He was renowned for his ideas on the end of religion, existentialism and the concept of good and evil. Nietzsche focused essentially on the end of religion. He once declared that ââ¬Å"God is deadâ⬠, a statement that decidedly defied Christianity as well as morality. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, he was rapt in the development of ââ¬Å"individual and cultural health, and believed in life, creativity, power, and down-to-earth
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Diploma of Legal Studies Relevant Motor Accident
Questions: 1.Determine whether the Kawasaki is a motor vehicle for the purposes of being an uninsured motor vehicle? 2.Apply the statutory interpretation methods you have studied in this unit? 3.Support your findings by making reference to the statutory interpretation methods used? Answers: 1. Determination of Kawasaki as motor vehicle for the purpose of being an uninsured motor vehicle According to the regulations of Motor Accident Insurance Act 1994, motor vehicle refers to a vehicle that has been registered under the regulations of Transport Operations 2010. Whereas, uninsured motor vehicle refers to a motor vehicle against which the CTP (Compulsory third- party) insurance policy has not been covered other than the vehicle, which was owned by self- insured individual (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). The act further provides claim and resolution for personal injury caused through the insured motor vehicle in several conditions whereas if the motor vehicle is uninsured, then the principles of act will be applicable only if the accident takes place on road or in a public area. The act further states that an individual is not entitled to drive an uninsured motor vehicle in a public area or on road; doing so will be considered as an offence (Cusimano Roberts, 2016). In the present scenario, collision happened between Suzuki motor cycle covered by CTP insurance and Kawasaki motor cycle, which was not covered under CTP insurance. Further, the given does not specify whether the self- insurer is a registered owner hence, the Kawasaki motor vehicle would be considered as uninsured motor vehicle. Consequently, as per the regulations of Motor Accident Insurance Act 1994, Kawasaki is referred as motor vehicle for the purpose of being an uninsured vehicle. 2. Application of Statutory interpretation methods In order to apply relevant legislations on disputes there are certain methods of statutory interpretation used by courts. If a case incorporates a statute, it is essential to apply relevant methods to interpret the scenario and apply relevant regulations and principles. It has been observed during interpretation, it is significant to apply the relevant legislation to address all the matters. However, it has been difficult to apply all the legislations unambiguously as well as to address all matters due to certain uncertainties (Colquitt, 2014). Imperfect word symbols for communication reflects ambiguousness that changes the meaning over the period or inevitable unforeseen situations together with new technologies influences uncertainties in the legislations. Accordingly, statutory construction is required to be considered by courts to determine and enforce unambiguous legislations and statues to interpret a particular case (De Mot Faure, 2014). Common Law method is often used by the courts to make a statutory interpretation that is considered as body of law derived from the English legal customs and practices. Unlike statute law, common law has been formed by judges, which can be overruled by statute legislation. In order to interpret a case, literal rule under common law is applied by judges at the initial stage that is interpreted by using ordinary meaning for the language incorporated except in a case where statute specifically defines certain terms (Carney, 2015). For instance, in case of Fisher v Bell (1961) 1 QB 394, court applied literal rule to make statutory interpretation which involves an issue of criminal offence for the offer of flick knives. Besides, the aggrieved party contended that the knife should be considered as invitation to treat as the product was merely on display hence, the decision was ruled on the basis of literal rule. Golden rule is considered by the court to avoid any illogical result due to the application of normal meaning. It is often termed as secondary meaning, which is applied by English court to provide ordinary meanings to the statute words. In case of Adler v George (1964) 2 QB 7, rulings were based on the golden rule of statutory interpretations as the presence of person near prohibited place would be ambiguous when the person is actually not in the place (Gensler, 2013). There are certain cases or situations that requires application of mischief rule to make statutory interpretations in order to evaluate defect in a questionable statute. For application of mischief rule, court enquires about the part of legislation that was not covered in deciding the case but relevant to be rectified to pass the bill (Walton, Sartor Macagno, 2016). This rule is applicable only when the statute has been passed to rectify common law defects. In case of DPP v Bull (1995) QB 88, court applied mischief rule to rule the applicability of Street Offences Act 1959, which is meant for females only and not for males. For the purpose of interpreting statutes, court uses several aids with respect to the internal and external materials. Internal materials refer to the materials that are contained within the statutes and involve long title to the act, explanatory notes as well as relevant definitions. Besides, external aids are not contained within the statute but referred by courts in the form of dictionaries, text- books, case laws or reports of law commission (French, 2015). 3. Relating the methods of statutory interpretation methods In view of the above discussion on the methods of statutory interpretations, it can be said that determination of Kawasaki motor vehicle in the present case will be based on the rules of common law. Motor Accident Insurance Act 1994 clearly states the meaning of uninsured motor vehicle as well as the conditions when aggrieved person claims for the injury. It is clearly mentioned that a vehicle not covered under CTP insurance policy is considered as uninsured motor vehicle. Further, it is also mentioned that a person is entitled to claim for injury through uninsured vehicle if the accident takes place on road or in a public area (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). Accordingly, literal rules of common law can be applied to interpret the statute for determining the motor vehicle for the purpose of being and uninsured motor vehicle. The situation further provides that that injury caused to Jane was due to collision between Suzuki motor cycle and Kawasaki motor cycle on an off- road track on the land that was owned by Qld Rail. Similar to the case of Ruckman v Suncorp Metway Insurance (2013) QCA 56, court held that the aggrieved party is entitled to recover the claim confirming the insurer as CTP. As per the principles of act, if accident happens on a place other than road or public area, aggrieved person will not be entitled to claim for injury. In addition, the act defines the situation that defines the insurer that is if the motor vehicle is uninsured and the owner is not registered then the nominal defendant will be considered as an insurer (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). Accordingly, in the given case, Kawasaki owner is referred as nominal defendant by applying the golden rules because the situation does not clearly mentions whether the owner of Kawasaki motor cycle is registered owner or not. Therefore, as per gold en rule on statutory interpretation it has been implied and contended that the owner is a registered owner or self- insurer. Considering the entitlement of Jane Citizen to claim the amount of damages would be examined by applying literal rule of common law. As the statute states that if the accident takes place through uninsured motor vehicle on a road or public place, then only the person can claim for damages (Austlii.edu.au, 2017). Hence, it can be interpreted by applying literal rules that if accident takes place on any other place, then the aggrieved party is not entitled to claim for damages. In the present case, accident happened due to the fault of Kawasaki rider, uninsured motor vehicle on an off- road track owned by Qld Rail. Therefore, it is can be interpreted without any ambiguity that Jane Citizen cannot claim for damages as per the Act since, the accident did not happen on road or on public place. References Austlii.edu.au. (2017). Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII). Retrieved 15 March 2017, from https://www.austlii.edu.au Carney, G. (2015). Comparative Approaches to Statutory Interpretation in Civil Law and Common Law Jurisdictions.Statute law review,36(1). Colquitt, J. (2014). A New Crash Test: The Rise and Fall of Florida Motor Vehicle No-Fault Law. Cusimano, G. S., Roberts, M. L. (2016). Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist Coverage.Alabama Tort Law,1. De Mot, J., Faure, M. G. (2014). Special insurance systems for motor vehicle liability.The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice,39(3), 569-584. French, R. (2015, November). Statutory interpretation and rationality in administrative law: National lecture on administrative law 2015. InAIAL Forum(No. 82, p. 1). Australian Institute of Administrative Law. Gensler, H. J. (2013).Ethics and the golden rule. Routledge. Harrington, R., Foster, M., Fleming, J. (2015). Experiences of pathways, outcomes and choice after severe traumatic brain injury under no-fault versus fault-based motor accident insurance.Brain injury,29(13-14), 1561-1571. Morse, S. C., Deutsch, R. (2016). Tax Anti-Avoidance Law in Australia and the United States. Walton, D., Sartor, G., Macagno, F. (2016). An argumentation framework for contested cases of statutory interpretation.Artificial Intelligence and Law,24(1), 51-91.
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